Application of local linearization and the transonic equivalence rule to the flow about slender analytic bodies at Mach numbers near 1.0

The local linearization method for axisymmetric flow is combined with the transonic equivalence rule to calculate pressure distribution on slender bodies at free-stream Mach numbers from .8 to 1.2. This is an approximate solution to the transonic flow problem which yields results applicable during the preliminary design stages of a configuration development. The method can be used to determine the aerodynamic loads on parabolic arc bodies having either circular or elliptical cross sections. It is particularly useful in predicting pressure distributions and normal force distributions along the body at small angles of attack. The equations discussed may be extended to include wing-body combinations

Effects of nacelle shape on drag and weight of a supersonic cruising aircraft

The quantitive relationship of cruise drag and nacelle shape was investigated for a representative advanced supersonic transport configuration. Nacelle shape parameters were systematically varied, and the effects of these variations on wave and friction drag were determined. The effects of changes in vehicle drag, propulsion weight, and specific fuel consumption on vehicle takeoff gross weight were computed. Generally, it was found that nacelle shapes such that the maximum cross-sectional area occurred at or near the nozzle exit resulted in the lowest wave drag. In fact, nacelle shapes were found that produce favorable interference effects (drag reduction) of such magnitude as to nearly offset the friction drag of the nacelle

Summary Report: Systematic IPT Integration in Lean Development Programs

This document provides a summary report of the M.I.T. Masters Thesis, "Systematic IPT Integration in Lean Development Programs" by Tyson R. Browning. These studies argue for the inclusion of program integration principles as an essential aspect of lean enterprise product development and organization.Lean Aerospace Initiativ

Exploring Integrative Mechanisms with a View Towards Design for Integration

The integrated product development (IPD) paradigm has gained recognition as a preferred approach to product development. In complex system development programs, the concurrent engineering aspect of IPD is often approached through the use of integrated product teams (IPTs), each assigned to develop various components of the overall system. Many have struggled to determine the characteristics of highly effective IPTs and the circumstances in which particular perspectives should be incorporated within an IPT. However, much less research has addressed the nature and management of the relationships between IPTs—the integration of IPTs within a program. While many have lamented that coordination problems have played a large part in diminishing the performance of their overall programs, a systematic approach for considering these issues a priori in program design is lacking. This paper presupposes a familiarity with interteam integration issues and (1) describes a framework for thinking about organization integration within a program, (2) presents integrative mechanisms (IMs) useful for managing IPT interfaces, and (3) begins to develop a systematic approach for designing programs that explicitly considers integration needs, design for integration (DFI)

Paper Session III-C - A New Old Way to Space: Taking the Best From the Past to Forge Ahead into the Future

The next step in space exploration must be on a scale that has never been experienced before. In order to construct a fully functioning spaceport, tremendous amounts of cargo and materials as well as large numbers of people will have to be transported into orbit. The size of the program and the spaceport that will have to be built will be orders of magnitude greater than anything yet accomplished. Unlike ISS Alpha, the spaceport will have to support more than just research. For it to be economically feasible, it must provide space and services to a number of different operations. Manufacturing, tourism, research, construction, commerce and exploration are just some of the activities that will take place on or from the spaceport. These requirements dictate that the spaceport be able to provide space and services for over 300 people to live and work. If the spaceport is assumed to be a circular design providing artificial gravity such as the one proposed by von Braun and exemplified in 2001: A Space Odyssey it could easily exceed 500 meters in diameter. The effort to lift the amount of material needed to construct a spaceport of this size is staggering. Current vehicles and methods will be unable to achieve the needed volume or launch frequency. A new set of systems and vehicles must be developed. The lessons of the past must be re-evaluated and integrated into the new program. By combining methods developed for Apollo, SkyLab, Mars Pathfinder and the Space Shuttle with modern materials and technology a new “old way” to lift mass into space becomes possible. This paper will explore this new “old way” and how the achievements of the past will help illuminate the way into the future

Charles Wesley and the Language of Evangelical Experience: The Poetical Hermeneutic Revisited

Charles Wesley is well remembered as the poet laureate of Methodism, whose rousing hymns continue to adorn Christian worship. This article suggests that he was also a significant theologian; a theologian of the experimental variety, who used religious experience as a means for translating theological doctrine into the realm of Christian life. Religious experience played an important role in Wesley\u27s poetical approach to the Bible, and allowed him to unite human hearts and minds in biblical affirmations. In this sense, Charles\u27s hymns were aptly described (by John Wesley) as practical divinity. A close examination of Charles Wesley\u27s vocabulary of religious experience (through words like feel, prove, to know, and taste ) indicates that his own creative synthesis of reason and experience produced a kind of practical divinity that still has potency for modern Christians. Based on this assessment it is concluded that Charles Wesley was a creative theologian, who blended evangelical theology with religious experience to form his own brand of religious empiricism. Formed in the language of religious praise, Charles\u27s hymns are first-order theology. They are not merely words said about God, they are in fact, words said (or sung) to God. As such, Charles Wesley’s hymns actually playa role in inducing the experiences they describe